Chester



@nimh ,fi @nicht @fitta THOMASLWHITAKER, or Behrens/IND JOSEPH GONSTANTINnoF 1vol-Ny CHESTER, ENGLAND.

Letters Patent No. 71,348, datcd- November 26. 1867.`

IMPROVEMENT IN HOT-AIR FUl'tllAtiESl TO ALL WHOM IT MAY GONCERN: j

-Be Vit known that we, THOMAS WHIT'AnEn, of Bolton, and JOSEPH CoNs'rANTINE, of Manchester', in the coun'ty of Lancaster, England, haveinvented a. new andl useful Improvement in the Construction of IStoves or other Heating Apparatus for Warming and Ventilatingl Buildings; and we do` hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction, and opcration'oi the same, suiiicient to enable` t others skilled in the art to which the invention appcrtains to fully understand and uso it, reference being had l vto the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in whichr Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation and section through middle of stove.

Figure 2 is a side elevation and cross-section through middle of stove.

Figure 3 is a plan and horizontal section through middle of one of our improved stoves suitable for heating a church, large hall, Turkish bath, or other public building.

The object of our invention is to obtain a heating-apparatus forair or other liquids, which, though corn-` t i l paratively occupying but a small space, presents not only a very large surfacetothe medium which is tobe heated, but also exposes a very large absorbing surface to the tire and the hot gases, which by our arrangement are compelled to come in contact with all the available absorbing surface in such a manner that nearly all the t heat obtained by the combustion of the fuel is given off to the apparatus, and produces useful effect, instead of escaping for the most part through the chimney, as is usually the case. l

We construct our stoves of hollow segments, which, whernput together, form the sides of the structure, and I at the same time with the internal linings also the tlucs. These segments we 'make of a V or U-section', and their outer form we make according toV the shape the stove istto have; as, for instance, for a stove with square sides and a vaulted top, the segmentswould be of ahorse-shoe form, The segments arecarst hollow, and open towards the inner side. On the inner edges there ar'e ribs projecting sidew ays,ttoi`ormh the parts of contact between each two adjoining segments. We form the centre of the top part of each of these segments, where the hollows or ilues from both sidesmeet, into a short pipe, 'which leads the smoke into a general smoke-box or line running over the whole length of the stove. This smoke-line, supported by the front and back walls, consists of a loose bottom plate with raised edges all round, and short tubes projecting downwards along its centre,

fitting loosely over the outlet-pipes of the segments, andan inverted box or trough with'a soot-door at the front` end, and an opening in the top, with a raised edge tovrcceive the smoke-pipe or iiue leadingtto thechimney.` This smoke-box may also be made open at its back end, to lead off the smoke into a flue or direct into the ,j

chimney. To make the joints between the outlet pipes of the segmentstaud the tubes in the bottom plate of the smoke-box we use short tubes of sheet metal encasing both o'f them, and resting on a rim castroun'd the lower part of the pipe on the segment, and lill the annular space between the three tubes with sand or clay.4 t Inorder to make good joints between thesegments we cast on the top part, close behind the ribs, at` the inner edges, taper indentations, forming with the ribs and the corresponding indentations of the adjoining segments dovetail grooves, which will securely retain clay, cement, lor other similar substance which has been rammedin. For the verticaljoints at the sides we cast, a. short distance from the inner rib, a second rib, which will retain, with the one of the adjoining segment, a strip of sheet metal, and into the space left between the latter and the inner rib we ram cement, clay, or other suitablesubstances. As we makethe segments of considerable radial depth, and the thickness of the meta-l not great, "andas much as possible uniform throughout,` the whole being at the same time uniformly heat-cd, our stoves possess great elasticity, and the pressure and motion from expan-` sion and contraction cannot easily lead to breakage. Ii', from some cause or other, a segment Shouldpbreak, it

can easily be replaced without disturbing the other parts, and at a very small expense,l Thetfront and back 'of `the stove we form of separate pieces, and' by passing bolts fromthe former to thelatter, outside the segments,

the whole structure is held together, A

In the fro'ntplate are thc necessary openings for firing and cleaning the il'aes `atthe top; The back plate we make of such a section as to present an appearancesimilar to that of a number of adjoining segments at the sides, in ,order to obtain a larger numberof ilues and additional heating surface. Instead of holding all the segments together by the front and back plate, we also propose to fasten each segment to the two adjoining ones by bolts, pins, and cotters, or hoops, round small projections, the front and` back plates being fastened to the first and last seguier :s respectively. This arrangement will allow-of avery free movement of all the parts v1n expanding and contracting. The segments, front and back plates are mounted on a foot-framing formed by three plates bolted together, and having a liange all round the outside'of the top edge, and preparations supporting the cross-bars and dead-plate carrying the grate-bars. The segments and back plate rest'with their inner edges only on the foot-t`rame, so that their sides overhang the latter, and the cold aix' has a free passage upwards between the segments. Bolted to the front plate of stoves which arebuilt in, we have a frame reachh ing through the front wall, and carrying the fire and ash-pit doors. In thciire-door we usually have a regulator for the admission of air, and also a perforated box at the back of it for equal distribution of Athe same. For open stoves this front framing may be dispensed with, and the doors maybe fixed to the front-.plate and footframing. The inside of the stove we line with slabs of re-proof substance fitting close to the inner edges ofthe segments and of the back plates. These slabs are supported by small brackets cast with the segments, and roach to Within a few inches of the top-and bottom ofthe segments. Slabs are laid across the top of the side linings, and leave a clear space below 'the top of the segments. The hollow parts of the segments and back thus form with this lining a number of ues through which the hot gases and smoke have to pass, and are brought into close contact with the whole inner or absorbing surface ofthe stove, afterwhich they ar led through the short pipes in the top ofthe segments to the smoke-box, and fromthere to the chimney.

In some cases we also make the inner lining of cast iron or wrought iron. We generally make the-grate narrower than the inner width of the segments, place it a little beneath their lower end, and put a lining ol tire-brick along the sides and end ofthe grate, which reaches up to the dues, and is rounded oil' towards there. Where it is not convenient to have thev stove or heating apparatus in the room which has to be warmed, it is necessary to surround it with walls a` short distance o` the'sides and covered over the top. Openings are left all round in the walls Vnear the bottom to admit fresh air, which in rising up between the walls and segments gets heated and collects in the space over the stove, from 4where it is conveyed through pipes or lines to thc rooms which have to be warmed and ventilated. A trough or. evaporating-pan supplied with water may also be introduced at the top of the apparatus to moisten the hot air ifrequired. We sometimes venclose our stoves in an iron easing, with suitable openings for the admission of the fresh and the emission of the hot air.

A. A are the hollow segments of a Vscction,forming a square stove with rounded top corners. a a are the inner ribs projecting sideways, forming the part of contact between the adjoining segments A A, the front plate B, and the back plate C. The segments are held together by the bolts D D, passing through the lugs Il b, on the front plate, and c c, on the back plate. The sections of the segments A and the back plate C are clearly shown in fig. 3. d cZ are the taper indcntations forming dove-tail grooves, filled with clay or cement, to form the joint`ovcr the top. e e are small'r-ribs retaining the metal strips ff, the space between the latter and the ribs z a, being filled with clay or cement. g g are the'small tubes leading-the smoke into the smoke-box E. l? is the bottom plate ofl the smoke-box E, and rests with its ends on the walls; G is a small door to allow the' smoke-box to be cleaned; It k are the short tubes cast with the plate F, and tting loosely over the tubes g y of the segments; i t' are short tubes of sheet metal, enclosing the tubes g g and h h, and resten the top of the segments. .The annular space' left between these tubes is filled with sand or clay. Th segments, front plato,

and back plate are mounted on a foot-framing, consisting of three plates H H, bolted together, and having anges k 7c all round the outside of the top edge, and preparationsl Z, supporting the cros's-bar/I, and the demlplate K, carrying the grate-bars L L, and the plates M M, which support the fire-brick lining round theA grate.

Bolted to the front plate B is the frame N, Afitted with the fire-'door O and the ash-pit door l?. To the back of the tire-door O a perforated box, Q, is Jfixed to distribute the air admitted by the regulator m. In the top of the VVfront plate there is an opening corresponding with a box, R,zgoing through the front wall, and covered withtfa lid, S, to allow the top slab of the lining and the upper partei' the segment to be cleaned.` f'lhe inside of the stove is lined with slabs oi' tire-brick T T, supported by small brackets n n, cast on thc segments and backplate.- A large slab, U, of fired-brick, is laid across thetoyplof the side linings, leaving 'a ele-ar space below the top of the segments. The course of the hot gases and smoke is indicated by a number ofarrows. From the smoke-box E the smoke is conveyed through'the pipe V to the chimney. The whole' apparatus is surrounded by brick walls W W, havingopenings Z Z all round the bottom for the admission of fresh air, and covered by a flag, X. The hot air which has collected atl the top is led olf through the pipe Y' to the rooms to be warmed and ventilated. The course of the air used for heating'is indicated by arrows marked thus, X.

Having now described our said invention, and the manner in which the same may b o carried into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine or restrict ourselvesv to the precise details and arrangements hereinbefore described and shown in the drawings; but v v What we do claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

01. Constructing stoves of hollow segments, open towards theinner side, forming, with the lining-slabs, lues presenting a large absorbing surface for the heat, and a large outer surface for heating the air or liquids, and possessing great elasticity, substantially as described.

2. Forming joints of stoves by ramming clay or other substances between ribs at the inner edges rof the Segments and metal plates retained by outer ribs cast on the sides 'of the segments, substantially as' described.

irnos. wnrrnunn, JosEPI-I ooNsrANTINn.

Witnesses tothe signature of TnoMAs Wnirsnun:

Tnos. PARKER, A. HoLLmowon'ru.

' Witnesses to the signature of-Josemi CoNsrAN'rINm Tuos. PARKER, A. HoLLrNcwonTn, 

